ship's structure

The ship is composed of many parts, according to the function and purpose of each part, it can be summarized into three parts: the hull, the ship's power plant, and the ship's electrical.

The hull is the basic part of the ship and can be divided into the main part and the superstructure part. The main part generally refers to the part below the upper deck. It is a hollow body with a specific shape enclosed by the hull (the bottom and the side of the ship) and the upper deck. . The hull is generally used for arranging power plants, loading cargo, storing fuel oil and fresh water, and arranging various other compartments.

In order to ensure the strength of the hull, improve the sinking resistance of the ship and arrange various compartments, several strong watertight bulkheads and inner bottoms are usually set up to form a certain number of watertight compartments in the main body, and an intermediate deck or platform is added as needed to The main body is horizontally divided into several layers.

The superstructure is located above the upper deck and is surrounded by left and right side walls, front and rear end walls and various decks. The interior is mainly used for arranging cabins for various purposes, such as working cabins, living cabins, storage cabins, instruments and equipment. cabin etc. The size, floors and types of superstructures vary according to the purpose and dimensions of the vessel.

The ship's power plant includes: propulsion device - the main engine drives the propeller (the propeller is the main type) through the reduction device and the transmission shaft; auxiliary machinery and systems for the operation of the propulsion device, such as fuel pumps, lubricating oil pumps, cooling Water pumps, heaters, filters, coolers, etc.; ship power stations, which provide power for the ship's deck machinery, auxiliary machinery in the engine room, and onboard lighting; other auxiliary machinery and equipment, such as boilers, compressors, and ship systems Pumps, lifting machinery equipment, maintenance machine tools, etc. Usually, the machinery other than the main engine (and boiler) is collectively referred to as auxiliary machinery.

Ship electrical includes main and auxiliary engines and other electrical equipment on board.

Among other devices and equipment of the ship, in addition to propulsion devices, there are anchor equipment and mooring equipment; rudder equipment and steering gear; life-saving equipment; fire fighting equipment; internal and external communication equipment; lighting equipment; signal equipment; navigation equipment; cargo lifting equipment; ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration equipment; seawater and domestic fresh water systems; ballast water systems; sounding systems and ventilation systems for liquid tanks; bilge water drainage systems; ship electrical equipment; other special equipment (according to the special as needed).